Nokcon-I
PRESENTATION
A clear, colorless, volatile, non-flammable liquid for general inhalation anesthesia.
ACTIONS
ISOFLURANE is used to induce and maintain general anesthesia by depression of the central nervous system and resultant loss of consciousness.
PHARMACOKINETICS
ISOFLURANE shows very low solubility in blood and body tissues, much lower than for enflurane and halothane, thus its partial pressure (concentration) in alveolar gas or arterial blood rises to 50% of the inspired partial pressure (concentration) within 4-8 minutes of the start of its inhalation, and to 60% within 15 minutes. This rate of rise is slightly faster than that obtain!!d with enflurane and considerably faster (40%) than the more soluble halothane. Age significantly affects blood-gas partition coefficients for all anaesthetics; the lower blood-gas partition coefficients in children explain in part the more rapid increase in alveolar anaesthetic partial pressures in this group. Throughout maintenance of anesthesia, a high proportion of the ISOFLURANE inspired is eliminated by the lungs. When administration is stopped and inspired concentration becomes zero, the bulk of the remaining ISOFLURANE is eliminated unchanged from the lungs. In keeping with its low solubility, recovery from ISOFLURANE anesthesia in man is rapid. Biotransformation of ISOFLURANE is significantly less than that of enflurane or halothane. Humans and animals biotranslorm a small fraction of ISOFLURANE administered. In man about 0.2% administered is evident as recoverable metabolites (fluoride and organic fluorine), with approximately 50% of these excreted in the urine, the principal metabolite being trifluoracetic acid. Enzyme induction associated with pre-existing drug therapy would not appear to be an important factor in the metabolism of ISOFLURANE in man, mainly because the overall metabolism of ISOFLURANE is so low.
INDICATIONS
General anesthetic for use in patients of all ages.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
ISOFLURANE-specific vaporizers facilitates accurate control of the administered concentration of anesthetic.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Known sensitivity to ISOFLURANE orto other halogenated agents, especially patients with known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Warnings And Precautions: The respiratory depressant effect of ISOFLURANE is accentuated by narcotic Premedication.
ISOFLURANE causes an increase in cerebral blood flow at deeper levels of anesthesia (1.5%) thereby increasing cerebral spinal fluid pressure. This can be prevented or reversed by hyperventilating the patient before or during anesthesia.
ISOFLURANE is a powerful systemic and coronary arterial dilator. The effect on systemic arterial pressure is easily controlled in the normal healthy patient and has been used specifically as a means of inducing hypotension. However, the phenomenon of coronary steal' means that ISOFLURANE should be used with caution in patients with coronary artery disease. In particular, patients with subendocardial ischaemia might be anticipated to be more susceptible. Salivation and tracheo-bronchial secretions may be stimulated in children but pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes are quickly diminished.
ISOFLURANE should be used with extreme caution in patients receiving nephrotoxicdrugs concomitantly.
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Adverse reactions encountered are hypotension, respiratory depression and arrhythmias.
INTERACTIONS
ISOFLURANE is compatible with all commonly used muscle relaxants, the effects of which may be markedly potentiated by ISOFLURANE.
Adrenaline: Administration of adrenaline cause arrhythmias during ISOFLURANE anesthesia.
Narcotic Analgesics : The anesthetic effect of ISOFLURANE can be potentiated by narcotic analgesics.
OVER DOSAGE
Overdosing with ISOFLURANE will result in marked depression of breathing, and a marked decrease in blood pressure, the latter being predominantly due to a peripheral vasodilatation rather than direct myocardial depression.
If it appears an overdose has been administered, stop drug inspiration immediately, establish a clear airway and initiate controlled ventilation with pure oxygen.
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Lavinia Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd was established in December 2018, and is primarily focusing in the Anaesthesia business.
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